Gettext

Created by Oscar Otero <http://oscarotero.com> <[email protected]> (MIT License)

Gettext is a PHP (>=5.4) library to import/export/edit gettext from PO, MO, PHP, JS files, etc.

Installation

With composer (recomended):

composer require gettext/gettext

If you don't use composer in your project, you have to download and place this package in a directory of your project. You need to install also gettext/languages. Then, include the autoloaders of both projects in any place of your php code:

include_once "libs/gettext/src/autoloader.php";
include_once "libs/cldr-to-gettext-plural-rules/src/autoloader.php";

Classes and functions

This package contains the following classes:

• `Gettext\Translation` - A translation definition
• `Gettext\Translations` - A collection of translations
• `Gettext\Extractors\*` - Import translations from various sources (po, mo, php, js, etc)
• `Gettext\Generators\*` - Export translations to various formats (po, mo, php, json, etc)
• `Gettext\Translator` - To use the translations in your php templates instead the gettext extension
• `Gettext\GettextTranslator` - To use the gettext extension

Usage example

use Gettext\Translations;

//import from a .po file:
$translations = Translations::fromPoFile('locales/gl.po');

//edit some translations:
$translation = $translations->find(null, 'apple');

if ($translation) {
	$translation->setTranslation('Mazá');
}

//export to a php array:
$translations->toPhpArrayFile('locales/gl.php');

//and to a .mo file
$translations->toMoFile('Locale/gl/LC_MESSAGES/messages.mo');

If you want use this translations in your php templates without using the gettext extension:

use Gettext\Translator;

//Create the translator instance
$t = new Translator();

//Load your translations (exported as PhpArray):
$t->loadTranslations('locales/gl.php');

//Use it:
echo $t->gettext('apple'); // "Mazá"

//If you want use global functions:
$t->register();

echo __('apple'); // "Mazá"

To use this translations with the gettext extension:

use Gettext\GettextTranslator;

//Create the translator instance
$t = new GettextTranslator();

//Set the language and load the domain
$t->setLanguage('gl');
$t->loadDomain('messages', 'Locale');

//Use it:
echo $t->gettext('apple'); // "Mazá"

//Or use the gettext functions
echo gettext('apple'); // "Mazá"

//If you want use the global functions
$t->register();

echo __('apple'); // "Mazá"

//And use sprintf/strtr placeholders
echo __('Hello %s', 'world'); //Hello world
echo __('Hello {name}', ['{name}' => 'world']); //Hello world

The benefits of using the functions provided by this library (__() instead _() or gettext()) are:

• You are using the same functions, no matter whether the translations are provided by gettext extension or any other method.
• You can use variables easier because `sprintf` functionality is included. For example: `__('Hello %s', 'world')` instead `sprintf(_('Hello %s'), 'world')`.
• You can also use named placeholders if the second argument is an array. For example: `__('Hello %name%', ['%name%' => 'world'])` instead of `strtr(_('Hello %name%'), ['%name%' => 'world'])`.

Translation

The Gettext\Translation class stores all information about a translation: the original text, the translated text, source references, comments, etc.

// __construct($context, $original, $plural)
$translation = new Gettext\Translation('comments', 'One comment', '%s comments');

$translation->setTranslation('Un comentario');
$translation->setPluralTranslation('%s comentarios');

$translation->addReference('templates/comments/comment.php', 34);
$translation->addComment('To display the amount of comments in a post');

echo $translation->getContext(); // comments
echo $translation->getOriginal(); // One comment
echo $translation->getTranslation(); // Un comentario

// etc...

Translations

The Gettext\Translations class stores a collection of translations:

$translations = new Gettext\Translations();

//You can add new translations using the array syntax
$translations[] = new Gettext\Translation('comments', 'One comment', '%s comments');

//Or using the "insert" method
$insertedTranslation = $translations->insert('comments', 'One comment', '%s comments');

//Find a specific translation
$translation = $translations->find('comments', 'One comment');

//Edit headers, domain, etc
$translations->setHeader('Last-Translator', 'Oscar Otero');
$translations->setDomain('my-blog');

Extractors

The extrators allows to fetch gettext values from any source. For example, to scan a .po file:

$translations = new Gettext\Translations();

//From a file
Gettext\Extractors\Po::fromFile('locales/en.po', $translations);

//From a string
$string = file_get_contents('locales2/en.po');
Gettext\Extractors\Po::fromString($string, $translations);

The better way to use extractors is using the magic methods of Gettext\Translations:

//Create a Translations instance using a po file
$translations = Gettext\Translations::fromPoFile('locales/en.po');

//Add more messages from other files
$translations->addFromPoFile('locales2/en.po');

The available extractors are the following:

Name | Description | Example ---- | ----------- | -------- Blade | Scans a Blade template (For laravel users). | example Csv | Gets the messages from csv. | example CsvDictionary | Gets the messages from csv (without plurals and context). | example Jed | Gets the messages from a json compatible with Jed. | example JsCode | Scans javascript code looking for all gettext functions (the same than PhpCode but for javascript). You can use the javascript gettext-translator library | example Json | Gets the messages from json compatible with gettext-translator. | example JsonDictionary | Gets the messages from a json (without plurals and context). | example Mo | Gets the messages from MO. | example PhpArray | Gets the messages from a php file that returns an array. | example PhpCode | Scans php code looking for all gettext functions (see translator_functions.php). | example Po | Gets the messages from PO. | example Twig | To scan a Twig template. | example Xliff | Gets the messages from xliff (2.0). | example Yaml | Gets the messages from yaml. | example YamlDictionary | Gets the messages from a yaml (without plurals and context). | example VueJs | Gets the messages from a VueJs template. | example

Generators

The generators export a Gettext\Translations instance to any format (po, mo, array, etc).

//Save to a file
Gettext\Generators\Po::toFile($translations, 'locales/en.po');

//Return as a string
$content = Gettext\Generators\Po::toString($translations);
file_put_contents('locales/en.po', $content);

Like extractors, the better way to use generators is using the magic methods of Gettext\Translations:

//Extract messages from a php code file
$translations = Gettext\Translations::fromPhpCodeFile('templates/index.php');

//Export to a po file
$translations->toPoFile('locales/en.po');

//Export to a po string
$content = $translations->toPoString();
file_put_contents('locales/en.po', $content);

The available generators are the following:

Name | Description | Example ---- | ----------- | -------- Csv | Exports to csv. | example CsvDictionary | Exports to csv (without plurals and context). | example Json | Exports to json, compatible with gettext-translator. | example JsonDictionary | Exports to json (without plurals and context). | example Mo | Exports to Mo. | example PhpArray | Exports to php code that returns an array. | example Po | Exports to Po. | example Jed | Exports to json format compatible with Jed. | example Xliff | Exports to xliff (2.0). | example Yaml | Exports to yaml. | example YamlDictionary | Exports to yaml (without plurals and context). | example

Translator

The class Gettext\Translator implements the gettext functions in php. Useful if you don't have the native gettext extension for php or want to avoid problems with it. You can load the translations from a php array file or using a Gettext\Translations instance:

use Gettext\Translator;

//Create a new instance of the translator
$t = new Translator();

//Load the translations using any of the following ways:

// 1. from php files (generated by Gettext\Extractors\PhpArray)
$t->loadTranslations('locales/gl.php');

// 2. using the array directly
$array = include 'locales/gl.php';
$t->loadTranslations($array);

// 3. using a Gettext\Translations instance (slower)
$translations = Gettext\Translations::fromPoFile('locales/gl.po');
$t->loadTranslations($translations);

//Now you can use it in your templates
echo $t->gettext('apple');

GettextTranslator

The class Gettext\GettextTranslator uses the gettext extension. It's useful because combines the performance of using real gettext functions but with the same API than Translator class, so you can switch to one or other translator deppending of the environment without change code of your app.

use Gettext\GettextTranslator;

//Create a new instance
$t = new GettextTranslator();

//It detects the environment variables to set the locale, but you can change it:
$t->setLanguage('gl');

//Load the domains:
$t->loadDomain('messages', 'project/Locale');
//this means you have the file "project/Locale/gl/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po"

//Now you can use it in your templates
echo $t->gettext('apple');

Global functions

To ease the use of translations in your php templates, you can use the provided functions:

//Register the translator to use the global functions
$t->register();

echo __('apple'); // it's the same than $t->gettext('apple');

You can scan the php files containing these functions and extract the values with the PhpCode extractor:

<!-- index.php -->
<html>
	<body>
		<?= __('Hello world'); ?>
	</body>
</html>

Merge translations

To work with different translations you may want merge them in an unique file. There are two ways to do this:

The simplest way is adding new translations:

use Gettext\Translations;

$translations = Translations::fromPoFile('my-file1.po');
$translations->addFromPoFile('my-file2.po');

A more advanced way is merge two Translations instances:

use Gettext\Translations;

//Create a new Translations instances with our translations.

$translations1 = Translations::fromPoFile('my-file1.po');
$translations2 = Translations::fromPoFile('my-file2.po');

//Merge one inside other:
$translations1->mergeWith($translations2);

//Now translations1 has all values

The second argument of mergeWith defines how the merge will be done. Use the Gettext\Merge constants to configure the merging:

Constant | Description --------- | ----------- Merge::ADD | Adds the translations from $translations2 that are missing Merge::REMOVE | Removes the translations missing in $translations2 Merge::HEADERS_ADD | Adds the headers from $translations2 that are missing Merge::HEADERS_REMOVE | Removes the headers missing in $translations2 Merge::HEADERS_OVERRIDE | Overrides the headers with the values of $translations2 Merge::LANGUAGE_OVERRIDE | Set the language defined in $translations2 Merge::DOMAIN_OVERRIDE | Set the domain defined in $translations2 Merge::TRANSLATION_OVERRIDE | Override the translation and plural translations with the value of $translation2 Merge::COMMENTS_OURS | Use only the comments of $translation1 Merge::COMMENTS_THEIRS | Use only the comments of $translation2 Merge::EXTRACTED_COMMENTS_OURS | Use only the extracted comments of $translation1 Merge::EXTRACTED_COMMENTS_THEIRS | Use only the extracted comments of $translation2 Merge::FLAGS_OURS | Use only the flags of $translation1 Merge::FLAGS_THEIRS | Use only the flags of $translation2 Merge::REFERENCES_OURS | Use only the references of $translation1 Merge::REFERENCES_THEIRS | Use only the references of $translation2

Example:

use Gettext\Translations;
use Gettext\Merge;

//Scan the php code to find the latest gettext translations
$phpTranslations = Translations::fromPhpCodeFile('my-templates.php');

//Get the translations of the code that are stored in a po file
$poTranslations = Translations::fromPoFile('locale.po');

//Merge the translations from the po file using the references from `$phpTranslations`:
$translations->mergeWith($poTranslations, Merge::REFERENCES_OURS);

//Now save a po file with the result
$translations->toPoFile('locale.po');

Note, if the second argument is not defined, the default value is Merge::DEFAULTS that's equivalent to Merge::ADD | Merge::HEADERS_ADD.

Use from CLI

There's a Robo task to use this library from the command line interface: https://github.com/oscarotero/GettextRobo

Use in the browser

If you want to use your translations in the browser, there's a javascript translator: https://github.com/oscarotero/gettext-translator

Third party packages

Twig integration:

• jaimeperez/twig-configurable-i18n
• cemerson/translator-twig-extension

Framework integration:

• Laravel 5
• CakePHP 3
• Symfony 2

add your package

Contributors

Thanks to all contributors specially to @mlocati.

Donations

If this library is useful for you, consider to donate to the author.

Buy me a beer :beer:

Thanks in advance!